Daisy, Aly’s cat.
For many of us, a pet is far more than an animal who shares our home. A pet may be a companion, a source of comfort, a reason to get up and move, a patient listener, and a beloved member of the family. We care for them, and in ways both obvious and subtle, they care for us.
That relationship is known as the human-animal bond. It can support emotional well-being, encourage physical activity, reduce feelings of isolation, and bring a reassuring rhythm to daily life. At the same time, a healthy bond depends on thoughtful care. Our animals rely on us for nutrition, movement, safety, medical attention, and affection. We also need to notice what they communicate and ensure that caring for them does not cause us to neglect our own health.
This whole-person view is central to integrative and lifestyle medicine: health is shaped not by one factor, but by the interaction of our bodies, minds, relationships, routines, and environments. Our pets are part of that living system.
This discussion focuses primarily on dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds, with some consideration of larger companion animals. Reptiles, snakes, tarantulas, and other exotic animals can be equally loved and important, but they have specialized needs that require species-specific veterinary guidance.

Arwen (18 years), Jessica’s dog.
We Are Here for Them, and They Are Here for Us
Positive interactions with animals can affect both mental and physical health. The benefits are not limited to one type of pet. Dogs, cats, birds, and rabbits can all provide companionship. When circumstances allow, horses, goats, sheep, and pigs may also form meaningful bonds with people.
Dogs are especially adaptable to human activities. They may accompany us on walks, rides, outdoor adventures, social visits, and quiet evenings at home. Because a dog needs regular exercise, dog ownership can motivate people to walk more consistently. Responsibility, companionship, and social support all help turn movement into a dependable routine.
Positive human-animal interactions have also been associated with changes in stress and bonding pathways. Oxytocin, a hormone connected with trust, comfort, and social bonding, may increase during affectionate interaction. Cortisol, a hormone involved in the stress response, may decrease. This can help explain why time with a familiar animal may feel calming, secure, and emotionally restorative.
Pets may support us in several interconnected ways:
- Encouraging movement and time outdoors
- Providing companionship and emotional support
- Creating structure and responsibility in the day
- Offering comfort during loneliness, stress, or change
- Promoting social connection with neighbors and other animal lovers
- Giving and receiving affection without complicated expectations
These benefits are meaningful, but they are not automatic. The relationship can become stressful if the animal’s needs exceed what the owner can physically, financially, or emotionally manage. A successful bond is built not only on love, but also on a realistic match between the animal, the owner, and the household.
How Well Do You Care for Your Animal?

Mochi, Dr. Maria’s dog.
Good pet care is both affectionate and practical. It includes appropriate food, clean water, movement, grooming, a safe environment, and ongoing veterinary care. The right approach will vary by species, breed, age, medical history, activity level, and individual needs.
Pet Nutrition: Look Beyond the Front of the Package
Nutrition is foundational. Dr. Maria encourages pet owners to look carefully at heavily processed bagged foods and snacks instead of assuming that every product marketed for pets is automatically healthful.
Read ingredient lists. Pay attention to added sugars, artificial or vague flavorings, heavily refined oils, and ingredients you do not understand. The presentation also advises owners to question products containing hydrolyzed proteins. However, there is an important exception: veterinarians sometimes prescribe hydrolyzed-protein diets for animals with suspected food allergies. Do not discontinue a therapeutic veterinary diet without discussing it with the veterinarian who recommended it.
Fresh and whole foods may be useful when they are selected and prepared appropriately. Depending on the animal and the advice of a veterinarian or veterinary nutrition specialist, a plan may incorporate properly prepared animal proteins and organ meats, dog-appropriate foods such as carrots, cranberries, and blueberries, omega fatty acid supplements, or high-quality plant foods for herbivorous animals.
Fresh does not automatically mean complete or safe. Cats, dogs, rabbits, and birds have very different nutritional requirements. A home-prepared diet can be deficient even when it contains wholesome ingredients, and some foods that are nutritious for people can be dangerous to animals. Any major dietary change should be reviewed by a qualified veterinary professional.
Clean water should always be available. Probiotics may be appropriate for some animals, but they should be selected with veterinary guidance, particularly when a pet has digestive problems, allergies, chronic disease, or takes medication.
Avoid giving dogs chips, candy, and other human snack foods. Be equally careful with any food known to trigger an allergy or sensitivity in your animal. Treats are not harmless simply because the portion is small.

Sully, Cathy’s cat.
Daily Exercise and Enrichment
Animals need opportunities to move, explore, and engage with their surroundings. For dogs, this may include daily walks, safe runs, active play, toys, and interaction with compatible companion animals. Cats may benefit from climbing structures, chasing toys, puzzle feeders, and brief periods of interactive play. Rabbits need safe space to hop and explore, while birds require appropriate movement and enrichment suited to their species.
Exercise should match the animal’s age, health, and tolerance. Heat, hot pavement, respiratory problems, arthritis, obesity, and heart disease can all affect how much activity is safe. When in doubt, ask a veterinarian to help establish an appropriate plan.
Grooming Is Preventive Care
Grooming is not only cosmetic. Regularly examining your pet can help you notice changes in the skin, coat, ears, teeth, eyes, and paws. Grooming can also reduce matting, buildup, infection risk, and the amount of dirt, debris, and other material carried into the home.
Know what your animal requires. Some need weekly brushing or professional grooming; others need nail, ear, dental, or coat care on a different schedule. Familiarity with your pet’s normal appearance makes it easier to identify a new lump, sore, odor, discharge, tender area, or change in mobility.
Create a Safer Home Environment
Animals share our exposure to the environments we create. Air pollution, ground contaminants, cleaning products, pesticides, fragrances, and other household chemicals may affect them. Birds are particularly vulnerable to airborne chemicals, making ventilation and careful product selection especially important.
The source presentation also encourages awareness of electromagnetic fields and electrical equipment around an animal’s living area. The health significance of these exposures depends on the source, intensity, and duration, and the evidence is still developing; the practical goal is simply to create a clean, calm, well-ventilated space without unnecessary environmental stressors.
Avoid harsh cleaners and high-VOC products around sleeping areas, cages, food bowls, and other spaces where animals spend time. Store medications, supplements, chemicals, and unsafe foods where pets cannot reach them. Do not assume that a product labeled “natural” is harmless to every species.
Keep Up with Veterinary Care
Routine veterinary visits allow for a thorough examination and an informed discussion of preventive care. Depending on the animal’s age and symptoms, the veterinarian may recommend bloodwork, allergy evaluation, dental care, or other testing.
Between visits, pay attention to the condition of your pet’s skin, teeth, ears, paws, eyes, coat, appetite, thirst, weight, and behavior. Small changes may be the earliest clues that something needs attention.

Kat Vicious, Delaney’s cat.
Is Your Pet Right for You?
Choosing a pet should never be based on appearance or impulse alone. The decision is a long-term commitment that must make sense now and in the future.
Before bringing an animal into your life, consider:
- Long-term commitment: How long is this animal likely to live, and can you provide consistent care throughout that time?
- Finances: Can you afford food, grooming, supplies, routine veterinary care, medications, emergencies, boarding, or pet insurance?
- Lifestyle: Do you have the time and energy the animal needs? Dogs, in particular, often require substantial attention, training, exercise, and affection.
- Allergies: Does anyone in the household have an animal allergy? Does the pet have known food or environmental allergies that require additional care?
- Time and space: Is there room to move safely? A dog, cat, rabbit, bird, and fish require very different environments.
- Personality: Does the animal’s temperament fit your household and your own level of activity?
- Children and family members: Is the pet a safe and comfortable match for everyone who lives in or regularly visits the home?
- Travel: Who will care for the animal when you are away, ill, or unavailable?
- Future changes: What would happen if your health, mobility, finances, housing, or schedule changed?
Love matters, but planning protects both the animal and the person.
Are You Paying Attention to the Messages Your Pet Is Delivering?

Willow, Mary’s granddog.
Animals communicate constantly. They use sound, posture, movement, facial expression, appetite, activity, and changes in routine. The more familiar you are with your pet’s normal behavior, the more quickly you can recognize when something is different.
What Cats May Be Telling You
Adult cats commonly use meowing to gain human attention and communicate with people. A tucked tail may signal fear. A puffed tail may be an attempt to look larger when the cat feels threatened or intimidated.
The eyes also provide clues. Dilated pupils may accompany fear, nervousness, excitement, or changes in light. Slow blinking is often associated with affection and trust.
No single sign should be interpreted in isolation. Consider the setting, the cat’s body posture, and whether the behavior is new or persistent.
What Dogs May Be Telling You
Barking, whining, howling, and growling are forms of communication. A dog may be alerting the household, expressing discomfort, asking for attention, showing fear, or warning that it feels threatened.
Take growling seriously, particularly when it is accompanied by a stiff posture, exposed teeth, or intense focus. Do not punish away the warning signal. Create distance and seek professional behavioral help when needed.
Jumping, licking, and tail wagging may accompany joy and affectionate excitement, but a wagging tail does not always mean a dog is relaxed. Look at the whole body. A fearful dog may shake, tuck its tail, crouch, urinate, scratch, withdraw, or seek protection.
Signs That Any Pet May Be Unwell
Animals in pain or feeling unwell may become quiet, withdraw into corners, lie down more often, or resist movement. Watch for:
- Reduced appetite or refusal to eat
- Drinking much more or much less than usual
- Unexplained weight loss
- Reduced activity or reluctance to move
- Hiding, withdrawal, or unusual irritability
- Changes in breathing, elimination, posture, or vocalization
Birds often hide illness until they are significantly unwell. A bird that stops singing, sleeps more, sits at the bottom of the cage, or becomes noticeably less active needs prompt veterinary attention.
Can Your Pet Sense Changes in Your Health?
Animals may notice subtle changes in human scent, movement, mood, or behavior. Some will repeatedly approach, sniff, lick, vocalize near, or focus on a particular part of the body.
This behavior is not a diagnosis, and a pet cannot replace a medical evaluation. Still, if your animal repeatedly draws attention to an area and you have noticed pain, a lump, a skin change, or another symptom, do not ignore your own body. Arrange an appropriate medical checkup.
Do You Take Better Care of Your Pet Than Yourself?
Many people are diligent about a pet’s meals, medications, appointments, and exercise while postponing their own care. This is especially common among people who also care for children, older family members, or anyone who depends on them.

Delaney & Dice, her bunny.
Compassion is a strength, but self-neglect does not serve either side of the human-animal bond. Your pet depends on your ability to function, plan, and provide care. Protecting your health is therefore part of protecting your animal.
Ask yourself:
- Am I keeping my own medical and dental appointments?
- Am I moving my body and eating nourishing foods?
- Am I getting enough sleep?
- Am I ignoring persistent pain, fatigue, stress, or other symptoms?
- Is pet care becoming physically or financially overwhelming?
- Who could help my animal if I became ill?
If caregiving has pushed your well-being to the background, a whole-person health evaluation can help you look at nutrition, movement, sleep, stress, environment, and preventive care together. Learn more about the integrative and lifestyle medicine approach offered through Integrative Healing at OM.
Exercise, Bathing, and Sleeping: Healthy Routines for Pets and People
The fundamentals of health often look remarkably similar across the human-animal relationship. We both need appropriate movement, hygienic surroundings, restorative sleep, and routines that help regulate daily life.
Move Throughout the Day
Regular movement supports healthy circulation, bones, joints, brain function, and digestion. It helps prevent obesity, relieves stress, and may support a longer, more active life.
Movement should happen throughout the day rather than being limited to one brief burst whenever possible. A walk with your dog, a play session with your cat, or time spent safely caring for a larger animal can benefit you both. Adapt activity to age, mobility, medical conditions, weather, and the surfaces underfoot.
Bathe and Groom Appropriately
Bathing can remove dirt, dust, organisms, chemicals, and other materials from the skin or coat. However, not every animal should be bathed on the same schedule, and excessive bathing may disturb the skin and coat. Follow species-specific advice and use products formulated for that animal.
Regular brushing, paw cleaning, cage maintenance, bedding care, and spot cleaning may be more appropriate than frequent full baths. If your pet has itching, odor, sores, hair loss, or recurrent skin problems, seek veterinary evaluation instead of repeatedly trying new home products.
Protect Sleep for Both of You
Pets need adequate sleep, and so do their people. Make sure your pet’s sleeping area is clean, comfortable, and suitable for its age and mobility.
If your pet sleeps in your bed, create a designated washable layer or base that protects bedding and can be cleaned regularly. Avoid harsh chemicals and heavily fragranced products in sleeping areas. A disrupted pet may disrupt your sleep as well, while a restless or pacing animal may be communicating discomfort or illness.
Use Natural Remedies with Care
Natural does not mean risk-free. Plants, herbs, and essential oils contain biologically active compounds, and different species process those compounds differently. A product that is tolerated by an adult human may be inappropriate for a dog, cat, rabbit, or bird.
The source presentation identifies peppermint, lavender, bergamot, ginger, and frankincense (Boswellia) as essential oils sometimes considered in very small, properly diluted amounts, using a carrier oil such as coconut oil. It also lists chamomile, aloe, calendula, and oatmeal as options sometimes used for skin comfort or calming.
These are not universal prescriptions. Dilution with a carrier oil does not guarantee safety, and topical, inhaled, and oral exposures are not interchangeable. Do not apply or diffuse an essential oil around an animal without species-specific guidance from a veterinarian. Birds require particular caution with anything airborne.
The presentation advises avoiding the following around pets:
- Clove
- Cinnamon
- Hyssop
- Citrus oils
- Pennyroyal
- Pine
- Tea tree (Melaleuca)
- Ylang ylang
If an animal develops drooling, vomiting, weakness, tremors, breathing changes, unusual sleepiness, skin irritation, or any other concerning symptom after exposure to a natural remedy, contact a veterinarian or animal poison resource promptly.
Supplements and natural products used by people should also be reviewed for compatibility with medications and health conditions. Discuss your own supplements with your healthcare provider and your pet’s supplements with a veterinarian.
Older Pets Require More Attention
Aging animals often need closer observation and adjustments to their environment. Be alert for cataract formation, hearing loss, food sensitivities, skin changes, lumps, cancer, and reduced tolerance for heat or activity. Hot outdoor surfaces can be particularly uncomfortable or dangerous when an older animal moves slowly or has less resilient paw pads.
Older pets may need:
- More frequent veterinary monitoring
- Easier access to food and clean water
- Softer bedding and better traction
- Shorter, gentler periods of exercise
- Help with stairs, jumping, or getting into a vehicle
- More frequent grooming and skin checks
- Changes in diet or medication based on veterinary advice
- A quieter, more predictable environment
A compatible animal companion may provide stimulation and social contact. A younger animal can sometimes encourage an older pet to engage more actively. This is not the right choice for every household or every senior animal, however. An energetic newcomer may also create stress. Temperament, health, space, and the owner’s capacity all matter.
An integrative or holistic veterinarian may be valuable when you want to consider nutrition, environment, comfort, and quality of life alongside conventional examination and diagnostic care.
Plan Before a Crisis
Thoughtful pet ownership includes planning for illness, disability, and end of life. Consider who could provide temporary or permanent care if your own health changed. Keep veterinary records, medication instructions, feeding details, emergency contacts, and legal or financial provisions where a trusted person can find them.
Planning is not pessimistic. It is an act of love that reduces uncertainty for everyone involved.
Bonding Without Breaking: Coping with Pet Illness and Loss
Your pet is your friend and family. When an animal becomes seriously ill or approaches the end of life, grief may begin before the loss itself. You may feel sadness, fear, guilt, helplessness, or uncertainty about difficult care decisions.

Mochi, Dr. Maria’s dog.
Allow yourself to grieve. The loss of an animal can be profound, and there is no need to minimize it because the loved one was a pet. Friends who understand, pet-loss support groups, counselors, veterinarians, and trusted community members can provide comfort.
Reach out when your pet is ailing or dying. Support can help you think through practical needs, remain present with your animal, and care for yourself during an emotionally demanding time.
For some people, welcoming another pet becomes an important part of healing. For others, it is not financially, physically, or emotionally possible, or it simply does not feel right. There is no required timetable. Spending time with animals through a shelter, rescue group, sanctuary, or volunteer program may offer connection without immediately assuming the full responsibility of pet ownership.
The goal is not to replace a unique relationship. It is to honor the bond, accept the grief, and remain open to the forms of comfort and connection that are right for you.
Caring for Both Sides of the Human-Animal Bond
Our animals remind us that health is lived in daily moments: a walk, a meal, a clean and safe place to rest, a familiar voice, attentive observation, and the reassurance of companionship.
Care for your pet with consistency and curiosity. Learn what is normal for that individual animal. Provide appropriate nutrition, movement, grooming, veterinary attention, and affection. Choose household products carefully. Pay attention when behavior changes. Plan for aging and unexpected events.
And remember that your health belongs in the care plan too. When you sleep, move, attend to symptoms, manage stress, and seek appropriate medical support, you strengthen your ability to care for the animal who depends on you.
This article is adapted from Dr. Maria Scunziano-Singh’s educational presentation for the Wholly Healthwise complimentary wellness lecture series. To explore a whole-person approach to your own health, learn more about naturopathic and integrative medical care at Integrative Healing at OM in Spring Hill, Florida. For concerns about your animal’s health, consult a qualified veterinarian.
References and Recommended Reading
- Alderton, D. The Complete Practical Guide to Small Pets and Pet Care: An Essential Family Reference. Anness Publishing, 2022.
- Fogle, et al. Complete Illustrated Guide to Cat Care. Readerlink Distribution Services, LLC, 2002.
- Fogle, et al. Complete Illustrated Guide to Dog Care. Readerlink Distribution Services, LLC, 2002.
- Martins, C., et al. “Pet’s Influence on Humans’ Daily Physical Activity and Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis.” Frontiers in Public Health. May 30, 2023; 11:1196199.
- Summers, J., et al. Essential Oils for Dogs: The Complete Guide to Safe and Simple Ways to Use… CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.
- U.S. Service Animals
- Ask a Veterinarian Online: www.askveterinarianonline.com
- 211 Pet Help Finder
Medical and veterinary disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose or treat a human or animal medical condition. It does not replace individualized care from a licensed healthcare provider or veterinarian. Supplements and natural products can interact with medications or be inappropriate for certain conditions or species. Consult the appropriate qualified professional for recommendations based on your or your pet’s specific needs.
source https://wellcomeomcenter.com/human-animal-bond-health/













